COMPUTER FOUNDAMENTALS
·
Computeris an advanced
electronic device that takes raw data as input from the user and processes these data under the control of
set of instructions (called program) and give the result (output) and save
output for the futureuse.
·
Computer can be define as an electronic davice that
accept ,process,store,and output data or
infomation
·
PROGRAM:- Is a set of
infomation that tell the computer on how ti manupulate or process data.
i.
HISTORY OF COMPUTER
ii. ABACUS:- This was the
first mechanical calculating device for counting of large number it is used for arithmatic calculate.
iii. In 1617 john nipier
build a machine for the purpose of multiplication.
iv. In 16th century edmund gunter developed a slide rule use for addition,subtraction,multiplication and
division.
v. In 1642 blaise pascal
developed adding and subtraction machine in other to help his father tax
collector.
vi. In 1823 an english man
charles babbage built with a vacuum tube
which is very large and know as the first computer generation
he was aworded as the FATHER OF
COMPUTER.
COMPUTER GENERATION
GENERATION COMPONENT
USED
1.
First generation (1946-1954)
Vacuum tubes
2.
second generation (1955-1965)
Transistor
3.
third generation (1965-1975)
Intergrated circuits (IC)
4.
Fourth generation (1980-till today) Ultra scale
intergrade circuits (ULSI)
micro processor (SILICON CHIP)
CLASSIFICATIONOF
COMPUTER
Computer are classification according to the storage
capacity ,speed and purpose for which they are developed these can be classfied into three type:
1. Analog computer
2. Digital computer
3. Hybrid computer
1. Analog computer:
they
operate by "measuring" instead of "counting" They are
special machine that measure physical quantities used for controlling maching
and processes that are react directly to change in physic situation Example:thermometer,car
speedometer,voltmeter,petrol dispenser.
2. Digital computer: these computer operate by
"counting" all quantities are expressed as discrete digit or numbers
thare are useful for evaluting
arithmetic expression and manupulation of data they are
faster and more fiexible than analog computer but not be accurate.
Hybrid:these computer have a combine features
of analog and digital computer
they are special purpose computer
and hence uncommon Example is
programming a modern day television set which involves both analog and digital
precedure, chanell selection is digital while processing the channel for clear
reception is analog and formally saving the channale for future use is
also a digital computer can be broadly classified by their
speed and computing power.
CHARACTERISTICS /ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER
1. High Speed: computer has the ability to
perform rountine tasks at a greater speed than human beings, they can perform
millions of calculation in seconds.The computers process data at an extremely
fast rate, i.e.
Millions or billions of instructions per second.
In few seconds, a computer can perform a huge task that a normal human
being may take days or even years to complete.
The speed of a computer is measured in megahertz(MHZ), it`s one million
instructions per second.
2. Accurary: computer is used to perform task in a way that ensure
accursy depend on the instruction
and type
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